E pā ana ngā tau kei runga i tō whakahaunga mōhiti ki te āhua o ō kanohi me te kaha o tō tirohanga. Ka taea e ēnei te āwhina i a koe ki te whakatau mēnā kei a koe te tirohanga tata, te tirohanga tawhiti, te astigmatism rānei — ā, ki te aha te nui.
Mena e mōhio ana koe ki ngā mea hei rapu, ka taea e koe te mārama ki ngā tau me ngā whakarāpopototanga i runga i tō tūtohi rongoā.
OD vs. OS: Kotahi mō ia kanohi
Ka whakamahia e ngā tākuta kanohi ngā kupu whakarāpopoto "OD" me "OS" hei tohu i ō kanohi matau me ō kanohi maui.
● Ko te OD tō kanohi matau. Ko te OD he whakarāpopototanga mō te oculus dexter, te kupu Latina mō te "kanohi matau".
● Ko OS tō kanohi maui. Ko te kupu OS he whakarāpopototanga mō te oculus sinister, ko te kupu Latina mō te "kanohi maui".
Tērā pea he pou kei roto i tō whakahaunga mō te tirohanga kua tohua ko "OU". Koinei te whakarāpopototanga mōkanohi o roto, ko tōna tikanga "ngā kanohi e rua" i te reo Latina. He mea noa ēnei kupu whakarāpopoto i runga i ngā rongoā mō ngā mōhiti, ngā karāhe whakapā me ngā rongoā kanohi, engari kua whiriwhiria e ētahi tākuta me ngā whare hauora te whakahou i ā rātou rongoā kanohi mā te whakamahiRE (kanohi matau)meLE (kanohi maui)hei utu mō te OD me te OS.
Porowhita (SPH)
Ko te porowhita te tohu o te nui o te kaha o te arotahi kua tohua hei whakatika i te tirohanga tata, te tirohanga tawhiti rānei. Ka inehia te kaha o te arotahi ki ngā diopters (D).
● Mena kei te tau kei raro i tēnei pane he tohu tango (–),he kanohi tata koe.
● Mena he tohu tāpiri (+) kei te tau i raro i tēnei pane,he matakite koe.
Puoto (CYL)
E tohu ana te rango i te nui o te mana o te arotahi e hiahiatia ana mōte astigmatismE whai tonu ana i te mana porowhita i runga i te whakahaunga mōhiti.
Tērā pea he tohu tango (mō te whakatikatika i te astigmatism o te tirohanga tata) he tohu tāpiri rānei (mō te astigmatism o te tirohanga tawhiti) kei te tau i roto i te pou rango.
Ki te kore he mea e puta mai ana i tēnei pou, kāore pea koe i te pāngia e te astigmatism, he iti rawa rānei tō taumata o te astigmatism, kāore e hiahiatia kia whakatikahia.
Tuaka
Ko te tuaka e whakaahua ana i te meridian arotahi kāore he mana rango heite astigmatism tika.
Mena kei roto i te whakahaunga mōhiti te mana o te rango, me whakauru hoki he uara tuaka, e whai ana i te mana o te rango.
Ka tautuhia te tuaka ki tētahi tau mai i te 1 ki te 180.
● Ko te tau 90 e rite ana ki te meridian poutū o te kanohi.
● Ko te tau 180 e rite ana ki te meridian whakapae o te kanohi.
Tāpiri
Ko te "Tāpiri" tete kaha whakanui kua tāpirihiae pania ana ki te taha raro o ngā karaihe arotahi maha hei whakatika i te presbyopia — te tirohanga tawhiti tūturu e pā ana i te kaumātuatanga.
Ko te tau e puta ana i tēnei wāhanga o te whakahaunga he mana "tāpiri" tonu, ahakoa kāore koe e kite i tētahi tohu tāpiri. Ko te tikanga, ka awhe mai i te +0.75 ki te +3.00 D, ā, ka rite tonu te mana mō ngā kanohi e rua.
Pīrimi
Koinei te nui o te mana prismatic, e inehia ana i roto i ngā diopters prism ("pd" he tapatoru rānei ina tuhia ā-ringa), kua whakaritea hei whakakapi mōte whakarite kanohingā raruraru.
He iti noa iho te ōrau o ngā whakahaunga mō ngā mōhiti he inenga porohita kei roto.
Mēnā kei reira, ka tohua te nui o te porotiti mā te ine ine, mā te ine haurua rānei i te reo Pākehā (hei tauira, 0.5, ½ rānei), ā, ka tohua te ahunga o te porotiti mā te tuhi i te tūranga whanaunga o tōna "turanga" (te taha matotoru rawa).
E whā ngā whakarāpopototanga e whakamahia ana mō te ahunga porowhita: BU = turanga ki runga; BD = turanga ki raro; BI = turanga ki roto (e anga atu ana ki te ihu o te kaimau); BO = turanga ki waho (e anga atu ana ki te taringa o te kaimau).
Mena he hiahia anō tāu, he hiahia rānei ki ētahi atu kōrero ngaio mō ngā karāhe whatu, tomo mai ki tā mātou whārangi mā tehttps://www.universeoptical.com/stock-lens/kia whiwhi āwhina atu anō.